In what way are microarrays utilized in biotechnology?

Microarrays are powerful tools in biotechnology primarily used to analyze gene expression and detect genetic variations. This technology allows researchers to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. By applying fluorescently labeled RNA or DNA samples to a chip containing complementary sequences, scientists can identify which genes are active in a particular cell type or under specific conditions.

This ability to monitor gene expression helps in understanding cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and responses to treatments, making it valuable in research areas like cancer, genetics, and personalized medicine. Additionally, microarrays can be used to detect genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which can have significant implications for understanding genetic predispositions to diseases.

In contrast, the other choices do not correctly represent the primary function of microarrays. Enhancing gene therapy may involve various techniques, but it is not the main use of microarrays. Culturing new bacterial strains and facilitating cloning processes are also important techniques in biotechnology, but they rely on different methodologies and tools, such as culture media and plasmids, rather than the analytical capabilities of microarrays.