What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

The distinguishing feature between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This characteristic underlines the fundamental differences in cellular organization between these two types of cells.

Prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archaea, are generally simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells. Their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane, unlike eukaryotic cells where the nucleus is a membrane-bound structure housing the cell's DNA. Additionally, prokaryotic cells do not possess the complex organelles found in eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum.

In contrast, eukaryotic cells are characterized by their more complex structure, including a true nucleus that houses their DNA and a variety of membrane-bound organelles that carry out specialized functions. This compartmentalization allows for greater efficiency and complexity in eukaryotic cells.

The other options present misconceptions about the characteristics of cells. For instance, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus (which would make the first choice incorrect) and the claim that eukaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organ