What is a mutation in genetic terms?

A mutation, in genetic terms, refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence. This is significant because mutations can lead to changes in the genetic material that can be passed on to future generations. They can occur in various forms, such as point mutations, insertions, deletions, or duplications of DNA segments. The permanence of a mutation differentiates it from other temporary changes, as these alterations can have lasting effects on an organism's traits or functions.

Mutations can impact protein synthesis, affecting the structure and function of proteins coded by the altered genes. However, the core concept of a mutation lies in its impact on the DNA sequence itself, rather than the immediate result in protein structure or trait expression.

While mutations can contribute to genetic diversity over time, they are not synonymous with an increase in genetic diversity; rather, they are a mechanism through which genetic diversity can arise. In this context, considering that the focus is on the definition of mutation, the most accurate description is the permanent alteration in the DNA sequence.