What is a significant role of RNA in protein synthesis?

The significant role of RNA in protein synthesis lies in its function in the translation of proteins from the genetic code. In this process, messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from DNA during transcription and carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

At the ribosome, transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role by bringing amino acids that correspond to the codons in the mRNA sequence. This codon-anticodon interaction ensures that the correct amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, ultimately leading to the formation of a protein. In this way, RNA serves as a vital intermediary in converting genetic information encoded in DNA into functional proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions and processes.

In contrast, other options describe functions that do not accurately reflect the roles of RNA. The storage of genetic information is primarily the function of DNA. RNA itself does not transport nutrients into cells; that is instead the function of specific transport proteins. While some proteins contribute to building cellular structures, RNA does not directly build structures but rather facilitates the synthesis of proteins that may, in turn, serve structural roles.