What is complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized from?

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from mRNA templates through a process known as reverse transcription. In this context, cDNA serves as a copy of the mRNA, allowing researchers to study gene expression. The synthesis begins when an enzyme called reverse transcriptase transcribes the mRNA into cDNA. This is particularly useful because mRNA reflects the genes being actively expressed in a cell at a specific time, enabling the analysis of gene activity under various conditions.

The significance of this process lies in its application in molecular biology, such as in cloning, sequencing, or as a means to amplify specific genes for further study. By converting mRNA into cDNA, scientists can create a stable form that can be easily manipulated in the lab, as mRNA is typically less stable and more prone to degradation.

This emphasizes the role of cDNA in understanding genetics and biological processes, making it a crucial element in biotechnology and research.