What is the function of monoclonal antibodies in scientific research?

Monoclonal antibodies are specifically designed to bind to a particular antigen, which allows researchers to isolate and study that antigen in detail. Their high specificity means that a monoclonal antibody will attach to only one type of antigen, making them invaluable in various scientific applications, such as diagnostics and therapeutics.

In research settings, these antibodies are used to identify and quantify substances, detect disease markers, or explore cellular processes by targeting specific proteins. This unique capability enhances the precision and reliability of experiments, providing clearer insights into cellular functions and disease mechanisms.

The other functions mentioned in the other options do not accurately represent the primary role of monoclonal antibodies. Transport molecules are typically proteins that carry substances within the body, genetic markers are used to trace inheritance patterns, and promoting cellular metabolism is a function more associated with enzymes and metabolic pathways rather than antibodies.