What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Enzymes play a crucial role in biological systems by acting as catalysts for chemical reactions. This means that they accelerate the rate of these reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, allowing cellular processes to happen efficiently and at a much faster rate than would be possible without them.

For instance, in metabolic pathways, enzymes facilitate the conversion of substrates into products, making it possible for cells to carry out essential functions like digestion, energy production, and DNA replication under physiological conditions. This catalytic function is fundamental to life because it enables cells to perform thousands of biochemical reactions promptly and precisely.

While enzymes are vital for many processes, they do not provide energy themselves, transport molecules directly across membranes, or store genetic information. Instead, their primary purpose is to enhance reaction rates and ensure the proper function of biological systems.