Which process is characterized by the division of a cell’s nucleus into two identical nuclei?

The process characterized by the division of a cell’s nucleus into two identical nuclei is mitosis. During mitosis, a single cell undergoes several phases—prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase—resulting in two daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to the original nucleus. This is a crucial process for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA.

In contrast, meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear division and results in four genetically diverse gametes, which is integral for sexual reproduction. Fertilization refers to the fusion of male and female gametes, and transcription is the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied to RNA. Each of these processes serves a different function in biology, but it is mitosis that specifically accomplishes the formation of two identical nuclei.